{"id":287,"date":"2024-01-03T02:38:09","date_gmt":"2024-01-03T02:38:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/juyuans.com\/?p=287"},"modified":"2024-01-08T08:16:18","modified_gmt":"2024-01-08T08:16:18","slug":"nhua-ky-thuat-va-nhua-dac-biet-trong-ung-dung-o-to","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/juyuans.com\/vi\/nhua-ky-thuat-va-nhua-dac-biet-trong-ung-dung-o-to\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1ef1a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u00f4 t\u00f4"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a \u00f4 t\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9, t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t, d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u1ef1a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1ef1a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, do c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i n\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Polyamide (PA), Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA), Polyoxymethylene (POM), Polyurethane (PU) v\u00e0 Polycarbonate (PC).<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Polyamid (PA)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

PA, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nylon, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, trong \u0111\u00f3 PA6, PA66 v\u00e0 PA610 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. Polyamid d\u1ec5 in v\u00e0 nhu\u1ed9m, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec3m chung c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c polyamit l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai; ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng va \u0111\u1eadp t\u1ed1t, ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ecfi, ch\u1ed1ng g\u1eadp v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a PA thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo cho PA. Khi th\u00eam s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng hai l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n PA c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n r\u1ea5t cao n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a PA bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng axit k\u00e9m, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng k\u00e9m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m k\u00e9m. Do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u00e9m, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 co ng\u00f3t 1-2% v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc do h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m sau khi \u0111\u00fac. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 100% v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 8% khi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u00e3o h\u00f2a. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 2-3,5mm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u00e9p phun:<\/strong> Do c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m amide n\u00ean PA (polyamit) c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e9p phun, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf 120\u00b0C trong 3-4 gi\u1edd. PA c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y nhanh. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e3i v\u00f2i phun, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00f2i phun t\u1ef1 kh\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c v\u00f2i phun chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng nylon. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u00f4 t\u00f4, PA ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng m\u1ec1m (\u1ed1ng phanh, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u), b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u, v\u1ecf b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u1ea1t, b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u phanh, b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c l\u00e1i, c\u1eeda ch\u1edbp , v\u1ecf \u0111\u00e8n pha ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Polymetyl Methacrylat (PMMA)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

PMMA, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 acrylic ho\u1eb7c Plexiglas, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Ngay c\u1ea3 sau 240 gi\u1edd l\u00e3o h\u00f3a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n 92% \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 sau m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m \u1edf ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n qua v\u1eabn \u1edf m\u1ee9c 89%, v\u1edbi 78,5% \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ef1c t\u00edm xuy\u00ean qua. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1nh \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u00fac. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 h\u01a1i gi\u00f2n, d\u1ec5 tan trong dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng cao n\u00ean d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1edd. N\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u trong su\u1ed1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u00e9p phun: <\/strong>PMMA c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m l\u00e0 0,3% v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e9p phun, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng 80\u00b0C trong 2-4 gi\u1edd. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p phun, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 240-270\u00b0C v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u1edf m\u1ee9c 35-70\u00b0C.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, PMMA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u00f4 t\u00f4, c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 v\u1ecf \u0111\u00e8n.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Polyoxymetylen (POM)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

POM, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 acetal ho\u1eb7c polyacetal v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Delrin, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o cao, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n va \u0111\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1ecfi. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t th\u1ea5p, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. Ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi polyamit (PA), nh\u01b0ng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n. Polyoxymethylene c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng xo\u1eafn l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb -40 \u0111\u1ebfn 100 \u0111\u1ed9 C. Tuy nhi\u00ean, POM c\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb axit m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t k\u00e9m. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 co ng\u00f3t 2-3,5%, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u00e0 1,5-2,5mm.<\/span><\/p>\n

POM c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf 175\u00b0C v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y \u1edf 240\u00b0C. Ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd chung l\u00e0 h\u1eb9p, t\u1eeb 190\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 220\u00b0C. POM kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e9p phun. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, s\u1ea5y \u1edf 60\u00b0C trong 1-2 gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 cao \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc t\u1ed1. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng axit c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 k\u00e9m n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 nhu\u1ed9m b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng: <\/strong>POM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n ng\u0103n \u0111\u1ef1ng g\u0103ng tay tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i van (nh\u01b0 van tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, van \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, v.v.), c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t (c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u1ea1t s\u01b0\u1edfi, b\u00e1nh b\u01a1m d\u1ea7u, v.v.), b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng nh\u1ecf trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c tay c\u1ea7m v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1t c\u1eeda kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Polycarbonate (PC)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

PC th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ea1nh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1t -100\u00b0C. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi nylon, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i cao h\u01a1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nylon 66. PC c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed9 co th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi nylon v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fac cao. PC c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cao, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea9m do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng dung m\u00f4i k\u00e9m v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1ecfi k\u00e9m. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 co ng\u00f3t l\u00e0 0,5-0,7% v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 2-3,5mm. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0o PC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 co ng\u00f3t, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. \u1ede kho\u1ea3ng 100\u00b0C, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong.<\/span><\/p>\n

PC c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf 220\u00b0C v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y \u1edf 350\u00b0C. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd chung l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 250\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 320\u00b0C. PC c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u00fat \u1ea9m, ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1i \u1ea9m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e9p phun. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf 120\u00b0C trong 4-5 gi\u1edd. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u PC c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p phun. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 co ng\u00f3t c\u1ee7a PC kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 co ng\u00f3t theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00e1 g\u1ea7n nhau, cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao; t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 co r\u00fat c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 0,5%.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u00ednh PC-ABS l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a PC v\u00e0 ABS, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u1edf d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean sau khi tr\u1ed9n. N\u1ebfu hai v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p phun tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd k\u00e9m, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a PC l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ebbo dai nh\u01b0ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt cao. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ABS l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea5p. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u pha tr\u1ed9n PC-ABS v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai cao h\u01a1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 trung gian gi\u1eefa hai v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u00f4 t\u00f4, PC ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1ecf \u0111\u00e8n, t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00f2m b\u00e1nh xe b\u00ean tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, th\u00e2n b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (PC+ABS), v\u1ecf khung kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, v\u1ecf khung kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trung t\u00e2m (PC+ABS) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7m c\u1ea3n sau.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

B\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n xe<\/p><\/div>\n

5. Polyurethane (PU)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

PU, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh polyurethane c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 polyurethane linh ho\u1ea1t. Polyurethane c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao. Polyurethane linh ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e2m thanh, ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a, kh\u00e1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 PVC. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p polyurethane r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua phun, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1ef1a x\u1ed1p polyurethane \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee7, t\u1ea5m nh\u1ef1a polyurethane c\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i polyurethane, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u1ed1p m\u1ec1m cho gh\u1ebf, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trang tr\u00ed, da t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p cho gh\u1ebf sofa v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n mui xe. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u1ed1p polyurethane m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau, gi\u00fap c\u00e1ch ly rung, c\u00e1ch \u00e2m, gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t. PU c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 polyurethane, ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecbt k\u00edn d\u00e0nh cho \u00f4 t\u00f4, v.v. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n PU c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4 bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, g\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfu h\u1eadu, c\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ec7m gh\u1ebf, t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00f4 l\u0103ng, mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3m rung b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, trang tr\u00ed tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t, t\u1ea5m t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khung c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 trang tr\u00ed khung b\u00ean, t\u1ea5m c\u1eeda, t\u1ea5m che n\u1eafng v\u00e0 trang tr\u00ed khung ph\u00eda tr\u00ean ph\u00eda sau.<\/span><\/p>\n

6. Nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: Nh\u1ef1a c\u1ed1t s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1ef1a gia c\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o nh\u1ef1a c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3i chung, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 PP, ABS, PA66, PA6, PC.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a \u00f4 t\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9, t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t, d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":240,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-287","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/juyuans.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/1-9.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/juyuans.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/287","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/juyuans.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/juyuans.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/juyuans.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/juyuans.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=287"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/juyuans.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/287\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/juyuans.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/juyuans.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=287"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/juyuans.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=287"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/juyuans.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=287"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}